Theoretical perspectives underlying the application of. In the early days of psychology there were two dominant theoretical perspectives regarding how the brain worked, structuralism and functionalism. Start studying theoretical perspectives in abnormal psychology chp 4, 5, 6, 7. Influential work draws on the theoretical perspectives, research, and practice tools of such diverse disciplines as psychology, sociology, social psychology. Psychology is the scientific study of human thought, feelings and behavior. Th is article presents three distinct perspectives of the learning process behavioral, cognitive, and constructivist and although. Criminal behavior an overview sciencedirect topics. Sometimes referred to as biopsychology or physiological psychology, this point of view emphasizes the physical and biological bases of behavior. Another social psychologist might approach the same problem from the social learning perspective and try to analyze the various environmental influences. The specialty of theoretical and philosophical psychology offers an openaccess forum for theoretical perspectives that give insights into the nature of mind, brain and behavior.
The cognitive perspective is concerned with mental functions such as memory, perception, attention, etc. Theoretical perspectives of psychology psychologenie. The four major theoretical perspectives of social psychology. The journal addresses ontological, epistemological, ethical, and critical issues in psychological theory and inquiry as well as the implications of psychological theory and inquiry for philosophical issues. Introduction ciccarelli and white 2015 define psychology as the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. Moving from one stage to the next involves new tasks and changes. There are seven perspectives in psychology that help explain how the mind functions. They explain the different aspects of human nature and behavior and the reasons behind them. Theoretical perspectives in psychology germantown school district. These include the dualaffect model, incentive sensitization theory, social learning and expectancy approaches, and finally the cognitive model of drug urges and druguse behaviour. Major theoretical perspectives in psychology essay bartleby. Theoretical perspectives on human behavior sage publications. Various perspectives of psychology try to explore the human mind in their own ways.
This chapter explores the role of cognition and cognitive biases in the understanding of concepts related to addiction, such as craving, from a number of theoretical stances. I trust the reader will find this collection of ideas stimulating and will be encouraged to generate future research aimed at hypothesis and theory testing. Director, division of research national institute on drug abuse xi. The introduction is the part of the paper that provides readers with the background information for the research reported in the paper. A concept embraces the aspects of the social world that are considered essential for a particular purpose. S p 3 4 5 0 s o c i a l p s y c h o l o g y p a g e 1. There are many examples of theoretical perspectives, the most common being the field of sociology because it makes assumptions that social systems such as societies and families exist and that culture, roles. Theoretical perspectives in psychology maho2a082316 historical perspectives perspective principal contributors subject matter basic premise structuralism 1875 1930s wilhelm wundt edward titchener structures of consciousness the content of conscious experience can be analyzed into its basic elements. A theoretical perspective can be defined as a hypothetical model that provides explanation for a given point of view. Naset ld report theoretical perspectives on the causes of learning disabilities 3 in the early stages of pregnancy, the brain stem forms.
Four major theoretical perspectives on emotion in psychology are described. The axon of this neuron is wrapped in a myelin sheath, which insulates it from the bodily fluids. Theoretical perspectives in sociology page 6 theories are built from concepts. The four major theoretical perspectives of social psychology are sociocultural, evolutionary, social learning, and social cognitive.
Criminal behaviors with a psychopathological substratum require a biological layer of explanation through biological mechanisms that. It is more a matter of personal preferences and some take a bit from each to form their own beliefs. Theoretical perspectives in abnormal psychology chp 4, 5. Psychodynamic theory is an approach to psychology that studies the psychological forces underlying human behavior. Choose from 500 different sets of psychology theoretical perspectives flashcards on quizlet. The study of physiology played a major role in the development of psychology as a separate science. Theoretical perspectives and approaches clinical psychology. Describe the four major theoretical perspectives of social.
A highly readable book, which offers the reader an understanding of what psychology is, how it works, and how it came to be that way. The basis of all perspectives in psychology is that all living things that have difficulty existing within, relating to, or feeling comfortable within their social group can be assisted by some. These theoretical perspectives include the social interdependence theory, the cognitive perspective, and the social learning theory, all of which contribute. The science of psychology is one where there are many approaches to solve, work with and explain what is happening with the mind. Lets look at each of these five main approaches that guide modern psychological research. The sociocultural perspective is vastly based off the work of lev vygotsky. It focuses on mental processes such as thinking, memory, problem solving, and language. Theoretical perspectives offer general explanations for a wide array of social behaviors in a variety of situations. Human development is a complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors.
Psychodynamic theory is an approach to psychology that studies the psychological forces underlying human behavior, feelings, and emotions, and how they may relate to early childhood experience. Psychological perspectives introduction to psychology. The five major theoretical perspectives in psychology are biological, learning, cognitive, psychodynamic, and sociocultural perspectives. The 7 main approaches perspectives to psychology many psychologists may believe that each perspective has valid explanations depending on the specific situation, and this point of view is called eclectic. Often, sociologists use multiple theoretical perspectives simultaneously as they frame research questions, design and. This term refers to the claim that no one perspective has all the answers to the variety of human thought and behavior. The following is a very general outline summarizing the theories covered in the ncsss foundation classes of sss 571. The three basic parts of the neuron are the cell body, the dendrites, and the axon. Psychologists tended to identify themselves as structuralists, functionalists, behaviourists. For an individual with introverted behavior, a cognitive psychologist would look at. Contemporary perspectives on abnormal behavior 39 axon axon axon terminals dendrite axon hillock cell body cell nucleus myelin sheath figure 2.
One of the theoretical perspectives of psychology is cognitive. It is worth understanding each of the six contemporary perspectives in psychology. Pdf this analysis paper will entail information about conducting research on correlation and experimental research designs. Cognitive psychology believes that internal mental states such as desire, belief, ideas, and motivation exist. Examples of the ways in which research on emotion and speech utilize aspects of the various perspectives are presented and a plea is made for students of emotion and speech to consider more selfconsciously the place of their research within each of the perspectives. Theoretical perspectives and conceptual frameworks article pdf available in prospects 384. The section should be both a research outlet and host debates and articles on topics and research. Journal of theoretical and philosophical psychology. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Currently, there is no one perspective to explain mental processes and human behavior.
Today, this perspective is known as biological psychology. Journal of crossdisciplinary perspectives in education vol. Below is a summary of the six main psychological approaches sometimes called perspectives in psychology. Cognition refers to thinking and memory processes, and cognitive development refers to longterm changes in these processes. Chapter contemporary perspectives on abnormal behavior.
Explore the major perspectives in social psychology. The journal focuses on the emergent themes at the centre of contemporary psychological debate. Structuralism was the name given to the approach pioneered by wilhelm wundt 18321920, which focused on breaking. Theoretical perspectives on the causes of learning. Each perspective provides its own view on the roots of why you do what you do. Incorporating piagets and vygotskys theories in classrooms barbara blake and tambra pope in todays society, there is disagreement among. Biological approach biopsychologists look at how your nervous. Frontiers in psychology theoretical and philosophical. Criminal behavior can be explained on sociological or anthropological terms or as responding to biological determinants. Themes and variations by wayne weiten, brookscole publishing. For example, both human brains and computers process information, store data and have input an output procedure.
Its principal aim is to foster theoretical dialogue and innovation within the discipline, serving an integrative role for a wide psychological audience. A theoretical perspective is important for research because it serves to organize our thoughts and ideas and make them clear to others. It views people as being similar to computers in the way we process information e. The five major perspectives in psychology are biological, psychodynamic, behavioral, cognitive and humanistic. Pdf theoretical perspectives of social psychology researchgate. Theoretical perspectives are the framework or models used by sociologists to understand the various issues and phenomenon in the society. Its purpose is to establish a framework for the research, so that readers can understand how it is related to other research wilkinson, 1991, p. Social psychology is the scientific study of how society affects the way individuals behave, think, and feel thats a pretty general definition, and as you might.
Theoretical perspectives in sociology science struck. Learn psychology theoretical perspectives with free interactive flashcards. Later, a deep ridge divides the cerebrumthe thinking part of the braininto two halves, a. This article gives you an overview of the theoretical perspectives of psychology. Each one of these perspectives searches for answers about behavior through different techniques and through looking for answers to different kinds of questions. Theoretical perspectives in psychology maho2092005 perspective structuralism 1875 1930s functionalism 1890 1930s gestalt psychology 1912 1940s behaviorism 19 present psychoanalytic 1900 present humanism 1950s. The 7 main approachesperspectives to psychology many psychologists may believe that each perspective has valid explanations depending on the specific situation, and this point of view is called eclectic. It covers the five major approaches, methods of study and perspectives on development, social behaviour and abnormal behaviour. Cognitive psychology is the school of psychology that examines internal mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language. Psychologists study behavior and mental processes, and this has understandably led to many theories which attempt to explain these complex areas. It controls basic life functions such as breathing and digestion. Psychological perspectives for ap psychology albert. Six contemporary theoretical perspectives in psychology.